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Climate & Earth Systems

Earth as a coupled system: climate, biosphere, oceans, energy, and resilience.

Climate & Earth Systems reads atmosphere, oceans, ice, land, biosphere, infrastructure, and society as one connected planetary system. It separates observed change and established causes from modeled regional risk and proposed responses, examining adaptation, mitigation, energy, biodiversity, carbon removal, governance, and justice with assumptions exposed.

Orientation

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Evidence Map
  • Established Science: greenhouse physics, observed warming, carbon cycles, and major attribution findings.
  • Emerging Research: tipping risks, regional compound events, carbon removal pathways, and adaptation effectiveness.
  • Speculative: high-risk geoengineering futures and poorly constrained civilization-scale scenarios.

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Sciences in this frontier